{"id":420,"date":"2022-11-24T15:22:25","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T23:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/?p=420"},"modified":"2023-09-13T21:39:39","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T04:39:39","slug":"drought-on-the-wet-coast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/2022\/11\/drought-on-the-wet-coast\/","title":{"rendered":"Drought on the “Wet” Coast"},"content":{"rendered":"

Many British Columbians (BC) enjoyed the warm, extended summer this fall, but it was also strange for those of us on the west coast used to autumn rains filling the local streams. The extreme drought<\/a> conditions overshadowed the warm days and, in some regions,<\/a> lasted into November. Alyssa Charbonneau, a meteorologist with Environment and Climate Change Canada, reported that the length and severity of the drought, accompanied by unseasonably warm temperatures, was influenced by a high-pressure ridge persisting over the region (Romphf, 2022). The high-pressure ridge steered coastal rain storms up to Yukon and Alaska. As summer progressed into autumn, Level 4 drought became Level 5 drought. Level 5 drought is classified as exceptionally dry conditions and is almost sure to adversely impact society and the ecosystem (EmergencyInfoBC, 2022). This year\u2019s drought, following last year\u2019s extended Level 5 drought, has resulted in adverse impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of the impacts that made the news are a state of emergency in three BC communities<\/a>, salmon not able to spawn and dying when they tried<\/a>, a failed wild mushroom harvest<\/a>, trees and plants stressed or dying<\/a> and a late-in-the-year increase in wildfires<\/a>. BC Hydro also released a report about this year\u2019s \u201cdriest and hottest extended periods on record\u201d and the \u201cnear-record low water levels in river systems and some of BC Hydro\u2019s smaller watersheds\u201d (BC Hydro, 2022, p.1). This has included the watersheds with BC Hydro dams and generation on Vancouver Island, where I live. Figure 1 shows that for 23 of 52 streams monitored on Vancouver Island, the seven-day average streamflow percentiles were at drought Level 5. It is alarming for spawning salmon and the wildlife that rely on the salmon return, but it also raises concerns about electrical generation capacity at the dam sites.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Are these negative impacts related to climate change?\u00a0 Climate change is top of mind, considering the intensity and duration of the drought and the shift in the season. Fortunately, climate science can help us understand why these droughts and other unprecedented extreme<\/a> climatic events are occurring with more frequency intensity and lasting longer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Figure 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Map of 7-Day Average Streamflow Vancouver Island \u2013 October 27, 2022<\/em><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

Note.<\/em> This figure shows the 7-day average streamflow percentiles for streams monitored on Vancouver Island as of October 27, 2022. From British Columbia Drought Info<\/em>, by Management Branch, Ministry of Forests, Government of B.C, 2022. https:\/\/governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapSeries\/index.html?appid=838d533d8062411c820eef50b08f7ebc<\/a>. In the public domain.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Climate science has found without a doubt that human-produced greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere are causing rapid global warming (IPCC, 2021b, p.4). Also, warming and biodiversity loss are pushing the climate and planetary systems we depend on to their limit (Chen et al., 2021, p. 161). Recognizing this immense problem, world leaders signed the Paris Agreement in 2015. They agreed to keep the average global temperature rise by the end of the century well below 2o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900) and make efforts to keep warming to 1.5o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial levels (Chen et al., 2021, p. 150). Unfortunately, seven years later, the global average temperature is 1.09o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial levels and rising, with the expectation of hitting 1.5o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial before 2050 (Arias et al. 2021, p. 41 & 42).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, there is an urgent need for action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the critical messages from climate science that pertain to decision-makers, Canadians and those of us pondering the impacts of this latest Level 5 drought are:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Every tonne matters \u2013 each additional tonne of CO\u2082 emissions adds to global warming (IPCC, 2021b, p. 28).<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Every fraction of a degree matters \u2013 each increment or fraction degree of global warming increases the intensity and frequency of extreme events (IPCC, 2021b, p.18).<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Extreme events will be unprecedented, even at 1.5o<\/sup>C of warming above pre-industrial levels (IPCC, 2021b, p.15).<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Multiple extreme events happen simultaneously as warming continues, especially heat waves and droughts (IPCC, 2021b, p.25).<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. The rate of warming matters \u2013 the rate of warming increases the occurrence of extreme events (Fischer et al., 2021, p. 692), such as heat waves and droughts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In summary, as greenhouse gas emissions increase, warming increases, which can cause multiple extreme events, such as heat waves and drought, to happen simultaneously. The faster the warming, the more record-shattering the event. In British Columbia, we are acutely aware that these events are not far off in the future but have already happened<\/a>. Without substantive emissions reductions, we can expect frequent and extreme drought, heatwaves and wildfire season.<\/span><\/p>\n

    The challenge of our lifetime is to reduce our reliance on oil and gas, the primary source of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions (Arias et al., 2021, p.80). As Island Health Medical Health Officer Dr. Shannon Waters advises, \u201c[t]he gravity of this situation necessitates a fundamental shift: We must place the well-being of our environment at the centre of all our decision-making\u201d (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2022, p. 29). Stopping warming before reaching 2o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial levels is critical to avoid a climate with such hot extremes that a healthy life is not supported (Arias, 2021, p. 120). In addition, deep emissions cuts now would limit the rate of warming and exposure to unprecedented extreme events. In the meantime, until the climate is stabilized, we must also adapt and prepare for the changing climate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    To that end, the province of British Columbia completed a preliminary risk assessment in 2019. At that time, they assessed the impact of a Level 4 drought as high when it \u201caffect[ed] two or more regions of the province and last[ed] two or more months\u201d (BC Risk, 2019, p.40). The report noted that such a scenario could be considered extreme, with 2015 being a recent example. Unfortunately, that extreme was exceeded in 2021, with thirteen regions in BC reaching Level 4 drought for up to three months and four regions reaching Level 5 drought for up to two months (Management Branch, Ministry of Forest, 2022).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Figure 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Drought Map of British Columbia as of October 27, 2022<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Note: The brown areas represent the regions at Level 5 Drought and the red areas at Level 4. The areas comprising Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of BC (southwest portion of the map) showing Level 5 and 4 droughts are historically known for rain and a wet environment. From British Columbia Drought Info<\/em>, by Management Branch, Ministry of Forests, Government of B.C, 2022. https:\/\/governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapSeries\/index.html?appid=838d533d8062411c820eef50b08f7ebc<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    The summer and fall of 2022 have also been exceptionally dry. As shown on the map in Figure 2 for 2022, the drought was not as long as 2021, but ten regions were in Level 5 drought for a month or more. This is unprecedented, extreme, and gravely concerning for communities whose watersheds are affected. To help communities adapt, the province of BC is funding a watershed security initiative that will work with Indigenous Peoples and various levels of government to collaborate on building healthy watersheds well into the future (B.C. Gov. News, 2022). In addition, the world, including BC, must grapple with its forestry practices that have decimated watersheds and impacted hydrological cycles, causing drought and flooding (Douville et al., 2021, p. 1057). Intact old-growth trees are an essential part of the hydrological cycle for the \u201cwet\u201d coast watersheds and must be retained and expanded (Wood, 2021, p.22). Thus, as the rains arrive, thoughts of drought cannot wash away. British Columbians must prepare for the next time, possibly as soon as next year.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"Only
    Millstone River waterfall is a mere trickle rather than full and gushing with autumn rain and spawning salmon.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, . . . K. Zickfeld, (2021). Technical Summary. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33\u2212144, https:\/\/doi:10.1017\/978100915789<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    BC Gov News (2022, January 25). B.C. is securing watersheds for a stronger future.<\/em> Government of B. C. https:\/\/news.gov.bc.ca\/releases\/2022ENV0007-000103<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    BC Hydro. (2022, October). Casting drought: How climate change is contributing to uncertain weather and how BC Hydro\u2019s generation system is adapting<\/em>. https:\/\/www.bchydro.com\/content\/dam\/BCHydro\/customer-portal\/documents\/news-and-features\/bchydro-report-casting-drought.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Chen, D., M. Rojas, B.H. Samset, K. Cobb, A. Diongue Niang, P. Edwards, S. Emori, S.H. Faria, E. Hawkins, P. Hope, P. Huybrechts, M. Meinshausen, S.K. Mustafa, G.-K. Plattner, and A.-M. Tr\u00e9guier. (2021). Framing, Context, and Methods. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L., Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R., Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 147\u2013286, doi:10.1017\/9781009157896.003<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Climate Institute (n.d.). The Biosphere<\/em>. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https:\/\/climate.org\/canlifechangetheearth\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D.\u00a0 Jiang, A.\u00a0 Khan, W.\u00a0 Pokam Mba, D.\u00a0 Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, and O.\u00a0 Zolina. (2021). Water Cycle Changes. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I\u00a0 to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1055\u20131210, https:\/\/doi:10.1017\/9781009157896.010<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    EmergencyInfoBC. (2022, October 20). Severe Drought: Multiple Communities in B.C. October 14, 2022.<\/em> Government of B.C. https:\/\/www.emergencyinfobc.gov.bc.ca\/severe-drought\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Fischer, E. M., Sippel, S., & Knutti, R. (2021). Increasing probability of record-shattering climate extremes. Nature Climate Change, 11(8), Article 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-021-01092-9<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    IPCC. (2021a). Annex VII: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R., V. M\u00f6ller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. M\u00e9ndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215\u20132256. doi:10.1017\/9781009157896.022<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    IPCC. (2021b). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3\u221232, https:\/\/doi:10.1017\/9781009157896.001<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Kimmerer, R.W. (2013). Braiding Sweetgrass. Milkweed Editions. https:\/\/milkweed.org\/book\/braiding-sweetgrass<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Management Branch, Ministry of Forests. (2022). British Columbia Drought Info<\/em>. Government of B.C. Retrieved October 27, 2022, from https:\/\/governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapSeries\/index.html?appid=838d533d8062411c820eef50b08f7ebc<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Public Health Agency of Canada. (2022). Chief Public Health Officer of Canada\u2019s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2022: Mobilizing Public Health Action on Climate Change in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada.\u00a0https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/documents\/corporate\/publications\/chief-public-health-officer-reports-state-public-health-canada\/state-public-health-canada-2022\/report-rapport\/report.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Romphf, J. (2022, October 20). \u2018Big shift\u2019 to rainy, cool fall weather headed for Vancouver Island after drought. Comox Valley Record<\/em>. https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyrecord.com\/news\/big-shift-to-rainy-cool-fall-weather-headed-for-vancouver-island-after-drought\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F. Otto, I. Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou. (2021). Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513\u20131766, doi:10.1017\/9781009157896.013<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Wood, P. (2021). Intact Forests, Safe Communities Reducing community climate risks through forest protection and a paradigm shift in forest management. Sierra Club BC.\u00a0https:\/\/sierraclub.bc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021-Forest-Climate-Risk-Assessment-Report-final-February.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Many British Columbians (BC) enjoyed the warm, extended summer this fall, but it was also strange for those of us on the west coast used to autumn rains filling the local streams. The extreme drought conditions overshadowed the warm days and, in some regions, lasted into November. Alyssa Charbonneau, a meteorologist with Environment and Climate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1115,"featured_media":421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,26],"tags":[41,42,43],"class_list":["post-420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academic-writing","category-cals-500","tag-bc-drought","tag-climate-science","tag-extreme-events"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy.jpg",2077,1009,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-300x146.jpg",300,146,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-768x373.jpg",768,373,true],"large":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-1024x497.jpg",1024,497,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-1536x746.jpg",1536,746,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1075\/2022\/11\/Dead-tree-canopy-2048x995.jpg",2048,995,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Deanna","author_link":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/author\/dfourt\/"},"uagb_comment_info":1,"uagb_excerpt":"Many British Columbians (BC) enjoyed the warm, extended summer this fall, but it was also strange for those of us on the west coast used to autumn rains filling the local streams. The extreme drought conditions overshadowed the warm days and, in some regions, lasted into November. Alyssa Charbonneau, a meteorologist with Environment and Climate…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1115"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=420"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":585,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions\/585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/dfourt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}