{"id":502,"date":"2019-07-04T15:04:06","date_gmt":"2019-07-04T22:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/?page_id=502"},"modified":"2019-07-04T15:51:31","modified_gmt":"2019-07-04T22:51:31","slug":"sample-size-determination","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/communication-in-the-public-interest-resources\/methods\/chapter-2\/sample-size\/sample-size-determination\/","title":{"rendered":"Sample Size Determination"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_504\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-504\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-504 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/175\/2019\/07\/sampling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/175\/2019\/07\/sampling.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/175\/2019\/07\/sampling-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/175\/2019\/07\/sampling-768x510.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/680;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Roanoke Candy Store&#8221; by Christopher Lane Photography is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When conducting <strong>quantitative research with random sampling<\/strong>, use statistical formulas and probabilities to assess sample size.<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>qualitative sampling<\/strong>, one can also continue to collect data until <em>data saturation<\/em> is reached. Engaging in proper data saturation allows your qualitative research to maintain rigour.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Data saturation<\/strong> means that you keep collecting data until you can no longer find any new themes, concepts or problems in the data you have collected.\u00a0 In an open access paper:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/175\/2019\/07\/What-is-an-adequate-sample-size.pdf\"><em>What is an adequate sample size<\/em><\/a>, Francis et. al. (2010)\u00a0 identified 4 principles to achieve data saturation.<\/li>\n<li>Data saturation: Principle 1: Before you start, use the lower limit of the general guidelines on the previous page to estimate a sample size for an initial round of analysis. Subsequent analysis will be based on the findings at this stage. Francis et al. refer to this as the\u00a0<em>initial analysis sample<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Principle 2: Before you start, ball park how many additional data sources you will collect without any new themes emerging. This is the number of additional sources of data you will need to conclude that data saturation has occurred.\u00a0 Francis et al. refer to this as the\u00a0<em>stopping criterion<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Principle 3: Ideally whenever possible, the analysis is analyzed by at least two different people working independently. The number of items on which the two coders agree can be statistically analyzed to establish that the research is reliable. Two statistical measures used to assess the validity of qualitative coding are <a href=\"https:\/\/idostatistics.com\/cohen-kappa-free-calculator\/\">Cohen&#8217;s kappa<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com\/krippendorffs-alpha\/\">Krippendorf&#8217;s alpha<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Principle 4: It is important to report on data saturation methods, so that others can judge their reliability. In an academic paper, you can use your methods section for this purpose, but for a report or briefing, use the appendix or annex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>&gt;&gt;<a href=\"http:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/communication-in-the-public-interest-resources\/methods\/chapter-2\/qualitative-sampling-strategies\/\">Next: Qualitative Sampling Strategies<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/communication-in-the-public-interest-resources\/methods\/chapter-2\/\">&lt;&lt;Back to Conducting Research: Practical Considerations<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When conducting quantitative research with random sampling, use statistical formulas and probabilities to assess sample size. In qualitative sampling, one can also continue to collect data until data saturation is reached. Engaging in proper data saturation allows your qualitative research to maintain rigour. Data saturation means that you keep collecting data until you can no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":0,"parent":499,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-502","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=502"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":528,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502\/revisions\/528"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webspace.royalroads.ca\/jhodson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}